Sluggish? Tired? Seven tips for getting your body into better alignment.
By Arianne Cohen

I’m typing these words at 1 a.m., which is suboptimal for a morning person like me, according to Christopher Barnes. “If you slam some caffeine and keep the body awake long enough, you can probably do an after-hours task,” says Barnes, a professor of management at the University of Washington who studies performance and fatigue. “But when you’re consuming caffeine to fight your own sleep-regulation processes, ultimately you’re going to pay for that with your health.”
You’re likely attempting to be active when the circadian rhythm that regulates your sleep-wake cycle is calling for rest, says Kevin Koronowski, a post-doctoral fellow at the University of California at Irvine who studies metabolism and the circadian clocks that govern everything from hormone levels and cellular processes to body temperature and brain waves.
Chronically misaligned rhythms are associated with cancer and metabolic syndrome (conditions including high blood pressure and cholesterol and excess waistline fat that can spike the risk for heart disease and stroke). There’s also the brain fog that comes with fighting against what the body wants.
Here’s how you can harness the power of your internal clock to help you be more productive.
Identify when you’re most alert. What time do you wake up naturally (without an alarm)? Many people are most alert shortly after that time. Do your most important work then, and don’t waste peak-focus hours on exercise or commuting. Office dwellers are typically most productive around 11 a.m., but you might fire on all cylinders earlier or later.
Set work hours accordingly. If possible, early birds and night owls should shift their schedules to accommodate when they’re most focused. Barnes recommends core office hours from, say, 11 a.m. to 3 p.m., but otherwise schedules should be flexible.
Eat to trigger your clock. “When you eat can have a big impact on your rhythm,” Koronowski says. Shift your calories toward breakfast and lunch, with a lighter dinner three to five hours before bedtime. This ramps up your metabolism earlier in the day and dials it down at night when bursts of energy typically aren’t needed.
Ditch the bad diet. “It’s thought that the clock itself responds differently to different dietary nutrients,” Koronowski says. One late-night doughnut won’t reschedule your cellular processes, but chronic munching could.
Talk to your boss. Explain that you’re more effective at certain times. Night owls, beware: Barnes co-authored a paper showing that managers perceive them to be less effective and less conscientious. “It’s unfortunate that this stereotype is so pervasive,” he says.
Think about timing. “A boss giving a rah-rah speech to a night owl at 7:30 a.m. will kind of fall on deaf ears, and not be nearly effective as the same speech later in the day,” Barnes says. Managers should keep an eye on how perceptions can shift throughout the day.
Sleep when you’re tired. Temperature, noise, light—all of this can affect our ability to doze off. Know what your needs are to fall asleep, and make sure they’re met. Koronowski, for instance, says he likes to remain cool while he sleeps while his wife looks for warmth, so they started using separate blankets.