Showing posts with label fear. Show all posts
Showing posts with label fear. Show all posts

Wednesday, 11 August 2021

What causes strange phobias – and what can we do about them?

Phobias 

 

I’m ashamed to say that when my husband told me he was terrified of cooked eggs, I mocked him and made jokes, from pretending that there was an egg in something he had just bitten into and waving my egg-based dishes under his nose.

I thought that his reactions of horror were a little exaggerated. There are plenty of foods I don’t like but I’m certainly not terrified at the thought of a kidney bean.

It turns out that my reaction was wrong – and I still feel pangs of guilt for it.

The fact is, my husband has a phobia. He doesn’t just hate eggs, they cause him trauma. He probably won’t read this as even the word egg is vile to him.

He won’t go to cafes due to the risk that a pan his breakfast has been cooked on had previously contained an egg. He has been physically sick at the smell of cooking eggs. If food he had ordered contained even a sliver of egg, he would not touch the entire dish, even parts that weren’t touching it.

Many people will be able to relate to his experience – or mine. It’s possible to have a phobia of anything, despite many believing only the obviously scary things – think spiders, flying, snakes – constitute a real, genuine fear.

My sister has a fear of patterns; particularly dotted but any kind of repetitive pattern. Anything with hectic shapes, lines, dots or colours whether a piece of art, wallpaper or packaging terrifies her.

Other ‘weird’ phobias can include arachibutyrophobia, the fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of your mouth. Octophobia is the fear of the number eight and hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia is, ironically, the fear of long words.

Celebrity phobias include Billy Bob Thornton’s ‘crippling’ fear of antique furniture, Kylie Minogue’s phobia of clothes hangers, Matthew McConaughey’s fear of revolving doors, and Khloe Kardashian’s horror at belly buttons.

My husband was satisfied at the feeling of vindication when he found out the name of his own phobia, which is ovophobia.

Where do these phobias originate? Are they just innate? Or are they linked to childhood experiences that may have been forgotten, but which triggered a connection to the item of fear?

When does a fear become a phobia?

Fear is a normal part of human life. But it becomes a phobia when this fear is overwhelming and debilitating.

Someone with a phobia will have an extreme or unrealistic sense of danger about a particular situation, sensation, animal, or object. It might not make sense to other people, because the focus of the phobia isn’t obviously dangerous.

Phobias come under the umbrella of anxiety disorders, and can cause physical symptoms such as:

  • unsteadiness, dizziness and lightheadedness
  • nausea
  • sweating
  • increased heart rate or palpitations
  • shortness of breath
  • trembling or shaking
  • an upset stomach

My husband recently recalled, after years of trying to figure his egg fear out, that he was always terrified of visiting a relative’s house as a toddler. This relative had a booming voice, slammed his fist on the table without warning and threatened to lock him in the coal shed, as well as saying that there was a monster living inside the sink.

His mum recalls how she could feel both him and his brother physically sweating with fear while on her knee and the one consistent thing that was in that kitchen was fried eggs being cooked. It’s clear that he associates that smell of eggs and the sight of them with frightening times as a child. It makes perfect sense why that phobia has manifested itself into something like this.

According to Clinical Partners, who specialise in the treatment of phobias, around 5% of children and 16% of teenagers in the UK suffer from a phobia, with most phobias developing before the age of 10.

Children and teenagers with phobias often feel ashamed about their fears and keep them secret from their friends in case they are teased. This will be the same for adults in a workplace or social setting. I’m frightened of patterns, bananas, beards or the colour yellow is hardly a comfortable ice breaker.

And yet, working alongside a new colleague with a beard or all memos coming on yellow paper would be triggering for those suffering with said phobias; making for a very uncomfortable environment both for the sufferer and the colleagues who have no idea they’re causing alarm.

Man having online therapy session with psychotherapist
Therapy can be an effective tool in overcoming a phobia, so don’t be afraid to seek professional support (Picture: Getty Images)

Clinical Partners explains: ‘Phobias arise for different reasons but a bad experience in early years can trigger a pattern of thoughts that result in a powerful fear of a situation – for instance if your child falls ill after having an injection, they may develop an ongoing fear to injections, which can get worse over time.

‘Children may also “learn” to have a phobia – for instance if a close family member is afraid of spiders and the child witnesses them screaming when they see one, they may also develop that fear.’

There are a lot of environmental factors at play here but for the less common phobias, we have to dig deeper to try and work out the source.

There is no guarantee that discovering that source will erase your phobia but if the phobia is seriously impacting your life to the point where you can’t work, go out, become ill and even fear dying, it’s a valid starting point to understand the root of it.


Tuesday, 20 July 2021

How Micro-Circuits in the Brain Regulate Fear

How Micro-Circuits in the Brain Regulate Fear

 

 

Photo by Frank Alarcon on Unsplash

 

16-Jul-2021 1:50 PM EDT, by University of Bern

Newswise — Fear is an important reaction that warns and protects us from danger. But when fear responses are out of control, this can lead to persistent fears and anxiety disorders. In Europe, about 15 percent of the population is affected by anxiety disorders. Existing therapies remain largely unspecific or are not generally effective, because the detailed neurobiological understanding of these disorders is lacking.

What was known so far is that distinct nerve cells interact together to regulate fear responses by promoting or suppressing them. Different circuits of nerve cells are involved in this process. A kind of "tug-of-war" takes place, with one brain circuit "winning" and overriding the other, depending on the context. If this system is disturbed, for example if fear reactions are no longer suppressed, this can lead to anxiety disorders.

Recent studies have shown that certain groups of neurons in the amygdala are crucial for the regulation of fear responses. The amygdala is a small almond-shaped brain structure in the center of the brain that receives information about fearful stimuli and transmits it to other brain regions to generate fear responses. This causes the body to release stress hormones, change heart rate or trigger fight, flight or freezing responses.

Now, a group led by Professors Stephane Ciocchi of the University of Bern and Andreas Luthi of the Friedrich Miescher Institute in Basel has discovered that the amygdala plays a much more active role in these processes than previously thought: Not only is the central amygdala a "hub" to generate fear responses, but it contains neuronal microcircuits that regulate the suppression of fear responses. In animal models, it has been shown that inhibition of these microcircuits leads to long-lasting fear behaviour. However, when they are activated, behaviour returns to normal despite previous fear responses. This shows that neurons in the central amygdala are highly adaptive and essential for suppressing fear. These results were published in the journal Nature Communications.

"Disturbed" suppression leads to long-lasting fear

The researchers led by Stephane Ciocchi and Andreas Luthi studied the activity of neurons of the central amygdala in mice during the suppression of fear responses. They were able to identify different cell types that influence the animals' behaviour. For their study, the researchers used several methods, including a technique called optogenetics with which they could precisely shut down - with pulses of light - the activity of an identified neuronal population within the central amygdala that produces a specific enzyme. This impaired the suppression of fear responses, whereupon animals became excessively fearful. "We were surprised how strongly our targeted intervention in specific cell types of the central amygdala affected fear responses," says Ciocchi, Assistant Professor at the Institute of Physiology, University of Bern. "The optogenetic silencing of these specific neurons completely abolished the suppression of fear and provoked a state of pathological fear."

Important for developing more effective therapies

In humans, dysfunction of this system, including deficient plasticity in the nerve cells of the central amygdala described here, could contribute to the impaired suppression of fear memories reported in patients with anxiety and trauma-related disorders. A better understanding of these processes will help develop more specific therapies for these disorders. "However, further studies are necessary to investigate whether discoveries obtained in simple animal models can be extrapolated to human anxiety disorders", Ciocchi adds.

This study was carried out in partnership with the University of Bern, the Friedrich Miescher Institute and international collaborators. It was funded by the University of Bern, the Swiss National Science Foundation and the European Research Council (ERC).

Systems Neuroscience Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Bern

Neuronal diversity is a hallmark of cortical networks. In the hippocampus, distinct neuronal cell-types interact together by selective synaptic contacts and neural activity patterns. We investigate how different forms of emotional and cognitive behaviours emerge within intricate neuronal circuits of the ventral CA1 hippocampus, a brain region instrumental for context-specific emotional memories, anxiety and goal-directed actions. We hypothesize that distinct behavioural programs are implemented by the selective recruitment of micro- and large-scale neural circuits of the ventral CA1 hippocampus. To identify these circuit motifs, we are combining single-unit recordings of ventral CA1 GABAergic interneurons and projection neurons, selective optogenetic strategies, cell-type specific viral tracing and behavioural paradigms in rodents. The results of our experimental approaches will determine fundamental neural computations underlying learning and memory within higher cortical brain regions.

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Sunday, 13 June 2021

Five Limiting Beliefs That Keep You From Succeeding

Limiting Beliefs 

 

Imagine living under a cloud 24/7

Darius Foroux

 

 

“I need to know everything before I start”

“What if it doesn’t work out?”

“I don’t know what I want”

“I don’t know how to do it”

“Some people say they have 20 years experience when in reality, they have 1 year’s experience repeated 20 times.”

“It’s too late now”

Fear is like living under a cloud

Author of 7 books, including Think Straight | My online course, Wealth Strategies, is now free: dariusforoux.com/wealth-strategies


Wednesday, 17 March 2021

This is How to be Less Distracted By Having Fun in Tedious Tasks

Distraction 

 

 


 Photo by Chrales Deluvio

 

From comic books and radio programs to TV shows and Atari games, the world has always been full of things that distract us. Today, most of us blame our phones or, more specifically, social media, Words with Friends, or Netflix as the reason we can’t get anything done.

Yet these aren’t the real culprits. Instead, our distraction is usually driven by our desire to escape discomfort, including boredom, fear, and anxiety — or tasks in our work calendar that don’t sync with how we value our time (see How to Get the Most out of your Calendar). When you binge on The Office rather than doing your taxes, watching Michael, Pam, and Dwight is your (understandable) way of avoiding an activity you deem to be a tedious task. The secret to staying focused at times like these is not to abstain from The Office — you’ll just find another distraction — but to change your perspective on the task itself.

Ian Bogost studies fun for a living. A professor of interactive computing at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Bogost has written 10 books, including quirky titles like How to Talk About Videogames, The Geek’s Chihuahua, and, most recently at the time of this writing, Play Anything. In the latter book, Bogost makes several bold claims that challenge how we think about fun and play. “Fun,” he writes, “turns out to be fun even if it doesn’t involve much (or any) enjoyment.”

Huh? Doesn’t fun have to feel good? Not necessarily, Bogost says. By relinquishing our notions about what fun should feel like, we open ourselves up to seeing our daily activities in a new way. Play can be part of any difficult task, he believes, and though play doesn’t necessarily have to be pleasurable, it can free us from discomfort — which, let’s not forget, is the central ingredient driving distraction.

Given what we know about our propensity for distraction when we’re uncomfortable, reimagining difficult work as fun could prove incredibly empowering. Imagine how powerful you’d feel if you were able to transform the hard, focused work you have to do into something that felt like play.

Is that even possible? Bogost thinks it is, but probably not in the way you think.


Don’t Sugarcoat It

We’ve all heard Mary Poppins’s advice to add “a spoonful of sugar” and turn a job into a game. Well, Bogost believes Poppins was wrong. He claims her approach “recommends covering over drudgery.” As he writes, “We fail to have fun because we don’t take things seriously enough, not because we take them so seriously that we’d have to cut their bitter taste with sugar. Fun is not a feeling so much as an exhaust produced when an operator can treat something with dignity.”

“Fun is the aftermath of deliberately manipulating a familiar situation in a new way,” Bogost says. The answer, therefore, is to focus on the task itself. Instead of running away from our pain or using rewards like prizes and treats to help motivate us, the idea is to pay such close attention that you find new challenges you didn’t see before. Those new challenges provide the novelty to engage our attention and maintain focus when tempted by distraction.

TV, social media, and other commercially produced distractions use slot machine-like variable rewards to keep us engaged with a constant stream of newness. Bogost points out that we can use the same techniques to make any task more pleasurable and compelling. He gives the example of mowing his lawn. “It may seem ridiculous to call an activity like this ‘fun,’” he writes, yet he learned to love it.


There is Novelty in Even the Most Tedious Tasks

“Pay close, foolish, even absurd attention to things,” he says. Bogost soaked up as much information as he could about the way grass grows and how to treat it. Then, he created an “imaginary playground” in which the limitations actually helped to produce meaningful experiences. He learned about the constraints he had to operate under, including local weather conditions and what different kinds of equipment can and can’t do. Operating under constraints, Bogost says, is the key to creativity and fun. Finding the optimal path for the mower or beating a record time are other ways to create an imaginary playground.

While learning how to have fun cutting grass may seem like a stretch, people find fun in a wide range of activities that you might not find particularly interesting. Consider my local coffee-obsessed barista who spends a ridiculous amount of time refining the perfect brew, the car buff who toils for countless hours fine-tuning her ride, or the crafter who painstakingly produces intricate sweaters and quilts for everyone he knows. Of course, these people don’t find these activities to be tedious tasks at all; to them, they’re the most fascinating and enthralling things in the entire world. But you can try bringing their mindset — their love of minutiae, their pride in mastery, their eternal yearning to do better — to some of your most dreaded tasks.

For me, I learned to stay focused on the sometimes tedious work of writing books by finding the mystery in it. I write to answer interesting questions and discover novel solutions to old problems. To use a popular aphorism, “The cure for boredom is curiosity. There is no cure for curiosity.” Today, I write for the fun of it. Of course, it’s also my profession, but by finding the fun, I’m able to do my work without getting as distracted as I once did.

Remember: Finding novelty is only possible when we give ourselves the time to focus intently on a task and look hard for the variability. The great thinkers and tinkerers of history made their discoveries because they were obsessed with the intoxicating draw of discovery, the mystery that pulls us in because we want to know more. Whether it’s uncertainty about our ability to do a task better or faster than last time or coming back to question the unknown day after day, the quest to solve these challenges is what can turn the discomfort we seek to escape into an activity we embrace.

Excerpted from the book Indistractable: How to Control Your Attention and Choose Your Life by Nir Eyal.

This article also appeared on Ted.com.


Friday, 23 October 2020

The Beautiful Balance Between Courage And Fear

After being diagnosed with a rare genetic condition that deteriorates muscle, Cara E. Yar Khan was told she'd have to limit her career ambitions and dial down her dreams. She ignored that advice and instead continued to pursue her biggest ambitions. In this powerful, moving talk, she shares her philosophy for working on the projects that matter to her most -- while letting courage and fear coexist. Watch for heart-stopping, vertigo-inducing footage of a trip that shows her living her theory to the full. This talk was presented at an official TED conference, and was featured by our editors on the home page. 

 

About the speaker Cara E. Yar Khan · Human rights and disability activist Cara E. Yar Khan is an international human rights advocate promoting the inclusion of people with disabilities within all facets of society.

Monday, 14 August 2017

10 Tips For Becoming Fearless

10 Tips For Becoming Fearless

Fear is holding many people back, it has held me back from doing many things until I had a Coach to help me get over the fears.

 

When I saw the post above I wanted to share it in the hope that it might help someone overcome their fear.

Below is the first of the 10 Tips:

1. Make time to nurture yourself.

Hard work is important, but don’t wear yourself out! You’ll feel more creative, productive and satisfied if you take some time for self-care. Whether you choose to meditate, practice yoga, go for a run, have a night out or drink a glass of wine on your couch, you need to spend time taking care of your body and mind. Make sure you have your head on straight, so you can wake up every day renewed, refreshed and ready to hustle! The more you take care of yourself, the more you’ll be able to take care of others.



Sunday, 23 July 2017

Panic Attacks And Anxiety Linked To Low Levels Of Vitamin B6 And Iron Levels

Panic Attacks And Anxiety Linked To Low Vitamin B6 And Iron Levels

 

Having shared a post about Anxiety and Panic Attacks recently, here is another post.  We cannot learn enough about these conditions and simply increasing Iron and Vitamin B6 levels might help.

 

Anxiety disorders are the most common form of mental illness, affecting 18% of the American population alone. They develop as the result of a complex set of factors, including personality, brain chemistry, genetics, and life experiences. Anxiety disorders often accompany depression. (1) Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder. Panic attacks occur spontaneously and often when there’s no real threat, only a perceived one.

It is characterized by the following physical symptoms (2):

Thursday, 13 July 2017

How We Can Face The Future Without Fear

How We Can Face The Future Without Fear

There is a lot of fear uncertainty in the world today and I wanted to share this video, hoping we can alleviate those fears just a little.



It's a fateful moment in history. We've seen divisive elections, divided societies and the growth of extremism -- all fueled by anxiety and uncertainty. "Is there something we can do, each of us, to be able to face the future without fear?" asks Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks. In this electrifying talk, the spiritual leader gives us three specific ways we can move from the politics of "me" to the politics of "all of us, together."

Tuesday, 26 April 2016

Are Doctors Making You Sicker?

Are Doctors Making You Sicker


The only time you don’t have the ability to heal is when disempowering programs are running and overriding health and healing. Disempowering programs are strong beliefs that run in the subconscious mind and can unconsciously control us, resulting in mental, emotional and/or physical dysfunction. 

We can unknowingly “pick up” disempowering programs/beliefs anywhere, but a doctor’s office or hospital is actually one of the easiest places to get a disempowering program installed. When we seek medical attention, we are often sick or afraid of being sick, and because we are looking for someone in authority to solve our health problems, we give our power away in exchange for healing. The combination of fear and powerlessness causes an altered state of consciousness so when we receive a medical diagnosis, and we accept it as truth, the diagnosis is seamlessly installed as a program in the subconscious mind.

Not knowing that a diagnosis is a program for disease or disability, as the doctor defines the symptoms and prognosis, the patient literally downloads all aspects of the disease or disorder. Let’s say that a patient went to see his doctor with a nagging cough and the doctor diagnosed “ABC disease” – once the patient knows that he “has” this disease, and he believes the prognosis, he may suddenly begin to experience all the symptoms associated with the disease, and if there is an expected progression, the disease may quickly escalate to the next stage.


Thursday, 30 July 2015

5 Regrets People Have On Their Deathbed

 This looks like a morbid post but since dying is part of life, I thought I'd share this with you because so often there are so many regrets and things left unsaid.  Happy are those who can die in peace, knowing that they have lived a good and successful life.  By successful I don't mean they built an empire but that they respected their family and friends and had that in return and lived a fulfilled life.

Most people wish they had done this or that differently and the reason I am sharing this article today is that now is the time to remedy what might become a regret.  We often live in the past and the future but forget to live in the present.  That is by far the most important way to live.  Tomorrow is never guaranteed says she, who two days ago had a fall which could so easily have been  fatal.
 

5 Regrets on the Deathbed