6 Fascinating Books That Will Expand Your Horizons

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A reading list to challenge your thinking

 

Tom Stevenson

Jul 2 · 6 min read

One of the best things about reading is that it can open your eyes to new ways of thinking. A book can change your views on life and expose you to a different way of seeing the world.

It’s a cliche, but most of us have a book or two which has changed our view of the world. Once we’ve put the book down, our outlook has changed. It will never be the same again.

I don’t claim these books will cause you to drop all your prior beliefs and become a new person. But, they will cause to step back and think. To reconsider what you believed and question whether you’re right and what you’ve read has merit.

The beauty of books is they are windows onto a new world. They shine a light onto parts of the world, or aspects of our existence we might not have considered. They open doors that were closed, or we didn’t know even existed.

Expanding your horizons and reading books that challenge your thinking is critical if you want to become a well-rounded individual. The world is a fascinating place, if you don’t stop and look around, you might miss the aspects which make it a wondrous place.

These six books will provide you with a reading list which will challenge your beliefs and make you think about what it means to be human, our place in the universe and much more.

Feral by George Monbiot

Have you heard of the term, rewilding? If you haven’t, I’m not surprised. It’s a new concept that refers to restoring environments and natural processes, and wilderness areas.

This might sound fanciful, given the state of many places across the globe in the 21st century, but the case laid out in Feral by George Monbiot is convincing.

His book states that not only should we consider rewilding, but it’s also feasible too. This would see large swathes of land returned to woodland, rainforest and other natural landscapes.

Rewilding would allow us to mitigate the effects of climate change by restoring trees, animals and plant life to areas that have been used for commercial or landscape grazing.

The concept of rewilding outlined in Feral won’t be for everyone. The book itself details conversations with people who are sceptical about rewilding. But if we want to head off the worst effects of climate change, rewilding might be a useful tool in our arsenal.

A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking

Physics is one of the hardest subjects to understand. Quantum mechanics, quarks and protons aren’t easy to understand if you don’t have a background in the subject.

A Brief of History of Time is arguably Stephen Hawking’s most famous work. For a man who is regarded by many as one of the cleverest humans to ever live, his book is accessible and easy to follow. He does a remarkable job of taking a complicated topic and making it understandable for the layperson.

While we all think we know about reality and the observable world, it’s more complicated than we think. Black holes, neutron stars, and even gravity are all phenomenons that are fascinating and mind-bending in equal measure.

The beauty of Hawking’s book is that these concepts become much easier to understand. He shows how theories of general relativity and quantum mechanics and the push to find a unified which explains how our universe functions.

The mysteries of the universe may remain, but what we do understand is beautifully explained by Hawking in this excellent book.

The Rules of Contagion by Adam Kucharski

Given we’ve spent the majority of 2020 and 2021 living during a pandemic, The Rules of Contagion is a timely book to read. It’s a fascinating look at how viruses and ideas spread.

The author, Adam Kucharski, sets out to explain how things spread. We’ve all become familiar with the terms R number and herd immunity, but they can feel alien at times. What Kucharski effortlessly does is explain what they mean and how that affects us.

I left with a greater understanding of what causes viruses to spread and the terms related to a pandemic. The chapters on how ideas spread, and the potential for fake news to spread via social media were illuminating too.

The Rules of Contagion is a brilliant book and it does a great job of removing the jargon surrounding contagion. Helping you to understand how things spread and the implications this has for all of us.

Why We’re Polarized by Ezra Klein

We’re living through one of the most tumultuous times in recent history. Politics is riven with division and this has translated over into society. We now identify more deeply with political causes than we did 20 or 30 years ago.

Why We’re Polarized attempts to explain why. It looks at American history and seeks to discover why the country has become more polarized in recent years. It’s a process which predates the election of Trump and could be traced back to the American Civil War.

One of the core arguments of the book is that today’s parties represent distinct identities. As supporters have coalesced around the party which represents them best, a clash becomes inevitable as the two sides fundamentally disagree on many issues.

Why We’re Polarized is an important book to read. More polarization and division will only lead to more conflict. To solve the issues of today and tomorrow, understanding one another is paramount. Otherwise, we’re doomed to repeat the failures of the past.

Straw Dogs by John Gray

Straw Dogs is one of the most sobering books I’ve read in a long time. Written by the philosopher John Gray, it’s a scathing attack on humanism and challenges our assumptions on what it means to be human.

Gray states that humanity is out of step with how we’ve evolved. Instead of seeing ourselves as the animals we are, we’ve persisted with a belief that we are above the natural world. A species apart from all others.

The dangers of this belief are starting to manifest according to Gray. The effects of pumping massive amounts of fossil fuels into the atmosphere are starting to show, with temperatures rising across the globe.

Nor does Gray see technology as humanity’s saviour. He believes it could lead to even greater tragedies. He argues that the core problem with humanity is our willingness to destroy the planet and each other in the belief we are a special species.

Straw Dogs isn’t an easy read. It assaults you and causes you to challenge beliefs you hold dear. For this reason, it’s an important book to read and even more important to ponder the points raised.

On Living and Dying Well by Cicero

Cicero isn’t as well known as famous figures such as Seneca or Marcus Aurelius, but he just as many important insights as the two stalwarts of stoic philosophy.

On Living and Dying Well is one of his most famous texts and one which offers many valuable insights for the reader. The title gives a clue to what the book is about. It looks at how we can live a good life and die with dignity.

In today’s discourse, death is seen as an abomination. But, the way Cicero presents it is much different. Far from the evil our society deems it, Cicero sees death as an inevitability and one we should face with dignity.

The best part of Cicero’s words is how relevant they are today. Despite all the time that’s passed, his words still hold. The human condition isn’t much different today from what Cicero experienced two thousand years ago.

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How encouraging women entrepreneurs can help to revive the economy

Women Entrepreneurs 

 Suraj Shakya

In India, when you say ‘business’, an image of a man in a suit sitting behind a desk comes to mind. Is it not worrisome that women are always either on the sidelines of the boardroom or not present at all?

As per the latest government Census records, 48% of India’s population is female. Ideally, they should make up about half of our entrepreneurs. However, only 14% of the country’s entrepreneurs are women, as per an Economic Times report. There is huge untapped potential that needs to be actively encouraged if we are to achieve significant economic progress, especially in a year like 2020.

Do women indeed make better leaders?

Amitabh Kant, CEO of Niti Aayog, says, “High growth rates of 9-10% year-after-year are not possible for India till women don’t become key entrepreneurs”.

As per a Center of Entrepreneurship report published by Forbes, women make better business leaders due to 5 factors:

1. They are better at taking calculated risks.
2. They are less likely to be overconfident.
3. They are more ambitious.
4. They are better at foreseeing in the long run.
5. They are used to fighting it out more and have acquired resilience.

Here is a brief idea of what drives women towards entrepreneurship in India.

Image source: Women’s Web Women & Entrepreneurship in India 2019 Survey

How can we help India’s businesswomen rise to the occasion in 2020?

With the Coronavirus scare still looming large, Moody’s has forecasted a 10.6% contraction for fiscal 2020. While the government tries to revive India financially, here are a few things that can be done to help the women of India in helping India.

1. Government initiatives: These include a number of entrepreneurship promotion initiatives such as Stand-Up India, National Skill Development Policy, AIM (Atal Innovation Mission), etc. There’s an initiative of the Niti Aayog called Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP) which acts as a knowledge base and mentorship source for women entrepreneurs. What is now important is that the government encourages more women to partake in the benefits of these schemes by improving the levels of awareness about them.

2. Mentorship programs: In June 2019, the UNDP (United Nations Development Program)’s Disha project took a minivan around India’s villages that conducted entrepreneurship awareness programs for rural women. But this was just one small scale effort. Women need mentorship more than men do since they mostly don’t have that wide an entrepreneurial network or equal opportunities for funding.

What we need is a network of veteran female leaders such as Indra Nooyi, Vandana Luthra, Ritu Kumar, and the like. These women will inspire the next generation, and provide them with valuable insights.

3. Empowering women techies: Girls are 25% less likely than boys to know how to elevate their lifestyles by learning technology. Girls are encouraged lesser towards tech right from their childhood. In the age of Digital India and a digital world steering towards AI and whatnot, women should not be suffering from a skill gap. We need programs that make women tech-savvy and normalize for the society that women are as tech-ready as men.

Image source: Inc42

4. Organizing the unorganized sector: 94% of women in India are employed in the unorganized sector. A lot of them lack adequate wages, dignity, and safety at work. On the other hand, there are scores of women involved in small businesses such as preparing and selling food items, tailoring, etc. out of their homes. Until these women are freed of their struggles for basic needs and made to realize their entrepreneurial potential, they won’t be able to identify themselves as businesswomen.

5. Higher educational initiatives: 2020 saw a considerable rise in the number of female students at the IIMs, with women making 33.5% of the class of ‘21 at the top 6 IIMs as compared to 25% last year. At the same time, enrollment of women in higher education, in general, has been increasing in the past decade.

Image source: Financial Express

These are good signs because higher education not only imparts skills but also validates them for you. It throws open a lot of doors for employment and higher incomes, which are all essential to kickstart your business dreams.

6. Public-private partnership for initiatives: The government cannot promote women’s entrepreneurship and revive the economy all alone. This kind of large-scale reform — or revolution, if you will — needs the contribution of all sections of society. All the above-mentioned ways of encouraging female entrepreneurship need a public-private partnership for optimum results.

Image source: Inc42

Secondly, the private sector needs to work on grave issues like the pay gap, blatant everyday sexism, lack of role models to follow, sexual harassment, and much more. In the absence of these issues, men have much better scope to focus on their entrepreneurial pursuits than women do.

Conclusion
These are just six broad areas of improvement for us to become a nation better suited for women entrepreneurs. We still seem to have a long way to go, but the way doesn’t have to be long, and women don’t have to continue giving in to the role of second fiddle.

Women’s Health Blogs That Will Have You Feeling Confident and Empowered

Health Blogs

By Jori Ayers on June 19, 2020

Ladies, focusing on you and your health should be your top priority every day. Concentrating on your mental, physical, and emotional health is something that we, as women, should prioritize. Being healthy and happy is always something that we should strive for to keep us and our bodies our best. As women, we have to remember that we do a lot of things every day. We are always on the go, with to-do lists. Women usually are too busy and have no time to stop and take a break.
Women’s health is not only about keeping ourselves healthy but also keeping us empowered, confident, and strong. It’s about making sure we aren’t listening to those standards of society on what women should look like. It’s about striving to live a positive, healthy, and happy life. If you need that little push though, here are some health blogs geared towards women. They can help you strive to a healthy, empowered, and confident look on life and more.

Nia Shanks

Now, if you’re looking for some straightforward facts about your health and fitness, this is your gal. Nia Shanks is here to help you out with your fitness and healthy lifestyle and get your health on track. She has proven experience, doesn’t mess around, keeps it simple, and overall helps you empower yourself and achieve your goals.

Girls Gone Strong

Here’s another blog that will help you as feel confident and empowered. Girls Gone Strong is the empowerment website for you. Their motto is, “we envision a world full of women who strive to be more instead of less.” Now, ladies, that’s the place to be! The blog gives women the knowledge to build confidence and strength.

The Nutrition Twins

The Nutrition Twins are two registered dietitians and personal trainers to help you start your health journey. With over 15 years of experience, if you’re looking to change up some of your, these twins have your back. Their blog gives you healthy and wholesome recipes that you can follow, as well as tips to stay on track and easy at-home exercises.

Greatist

Greatist is a health and fitness blog for women who like to sit down and take some time to read on their health. This blog is educational and gives their views verified information that will not guide you in the wrong place. They will educate you while adding a little humor in there as well to make it more fun to read. This blog empowers you with knowledge about your health and wellness.

Sista’s Of Strength

Sista’s of Strength is a blog run by mom and nutritionist, Amanda Perry. On her blog, she gives fitness advice, nutrition, and more. For all the moms out there, this one is for you. She also writes about motherhood and her trails. Sista’s Strength mission is “to help all women (especially other moms) discover their full potential by adopting a positive mindset, training smart and eating awesome food.”

Published in Boss Ladies, Food, Health, Health and Wellness, Life and News

• education
• fitness
• health and wellness
• health and wellness tips
• health blogs
• wellness
• women
• women’s health

Jori Ayers

Jori Ayers is a Staff Writer at Grit Daily based in Tampa, Florida. She was formerly with the editorial team at Tampa Bay Parenting Magazine.

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How to Train Your Brain to Remember Almost Anything

Remembering

Success is largely based on what you know — everything you know informs the choices you make. And those choices are either getting you closer to what you want or increasing the distance between you and your ultimate goals in life.

Many people want to learn better and faster, retain more information, and be able to apply that knowledge at the right time.

But the reality is that we forget a lot of what we learn. Human forgetting follows a pattern. In fact, research shows that within just one hour, if nothing is done with new information, most people will have forgotten about 50% of what they learned. After 24 hours, this amount increases to 70%, and if a week passes without that information being used, up to 90% of it could be lost.

To improve knowledge acquisition and retention, new information must be consolidated and securely stored in long-term memory.

According to Elizabeth Bjork, PhD, a professor of cognitive psychology at UCLA who worked on a theory of forgetting along with Piotr Wozniak, a Polish researcher best known for his work on SuperMemo (a learning system based on spaced repetition), long-term memory can be characterized by two components: retrieval strength and storage strength. Retrieval strength measures how likely you are to recall something right now, or how close it is to the surface of your mind. Storage strength measures how deeply the memory is rooted.

Research shows that within just one hour, if nothing is done with new information, most people will have forgotten about 50% of what they learned.

If we want our learning to stick, we have to do more than just aim to read a book every week or passively listen to an audiobook or podcast. Instead, reread chapters you didn’t comprehend the first time, write down or practice what you learned the previous week before continuing to the next chapter or lesson, or take notes, if that works for you. If you are struggling to remember, refer to the information. By forcing yourself to remember past information, you’re cementing the new knowledge in your mind.

Research indicates that when a memory is first recorded in the brain—specifically in the hippocampus—it’s still “fragile” and easily forgotten.

Our brains are constantly recording information on a temporary basis to separate vital information from the clutter — scraps of conversations you hear on your way to work, things you see, what the person in front of you was wearing, discussions at work, etc. The brain dumps everything that doesn’t come up again in the recent future as soon as possible to make way for new information. If you want to remember or use new information in the future, you have to deliberately work on storing it in your long-term memory.

This process is called encoding — imprinting information into the brain. Without proper encoding, there is nothing to store, and attempts to retrieve the memory later will fail.

In the late 19th century, Herman Ebbinghaus, a psychologist, was the first to systematically tackle the analysis of memory. His forgetting curve, which explains the decline of memory retention in time, contributed to the field of memory science by recording how the brain stores information.

Ebbinghaus once said, “With any considerable number of repetitions, a suitable distribution of them over a space of time is decidedly more advantageous than the massing of them at a single time.”

In a University of Waterloo report that looks at how we forget, the authors argue that when you deliberately remember something you’ve learned or seen not long ago, you send a big signal to your brain to hold onto that information. They explain, “When the same thing is repeated, your brain says, ‘Oh — there it is again, I better keep that.’ When you are exposed to the same information repeatedly, it takes less and less time to ‘activate’ the information in your long-term memory and it becomes easier for you to retrieve the information when you need it.”

Most lifelong learning will inevitably involve some reading and listening, but by using a variety of techniques to commit new knowledge to memory, you will cement new information quicker and better.

Spaced repetition

One method is spaced repetition — repeating intake of what you are trying to retain over a period of time. For example, when you read a book and really enjoy it, instead of putting it away, reread it again after a month, then again after three months, then again after six months, and then again after a year. Spaced repetition leverages the spacing effect, a memory phenomenon that describes how our brains learn better when we separate out information over time. Learning something new drives out old information if you don’t allow sufficient time for new neural connection to solidify.

The 50/50 rule

Dedicate 50% of your time to learning anything new and the rest of your time to sharing or explaining what you have learned to someone or your audience.

Research shows that explaining a concept to someone else is the best way to learn it yourself. The 50/50 rule is a better way to learn, process, retain, and remember information.

For example, instead of completing a book, aim to read half, and try recalling, sharing, or writing down the key ideas you have learned before proceeding. Or better still, share that new knowledge with your audience.

You could even apply the 50/50 rule to individual chapters instead of the whole book. This learning method works really well if you aim to retain most of what are learning. The ultimate test of your knowledge is your capacity to transfer it to another person.

“The best way to learn something truly is to teach it — not just because explaining it helps you understand it, but also because retrieving it helps you remember it,” says Adam Grant.

Topic demonstrations

Another valuable method is to make the most of topic demonstrations to understand a topic inside out. Unlike simply reading or listening to an explanation, demonstrations show you how something works and help you visualize the concept. When learning photography, design, public speaking, negotiation, or a useful new technology, watching instructional videos that demonstrate what you’re trying to learn can improve your retention rate.

Sleep

Finally, use sleep as a powerful aid between learning sessions. Sleep after learning is a critical part of the memory-creation process, and sleep before learning strengthens your capacity.

Evidence shows that short naps help reinforce learned material. The authors explain, “We suggest that the mere onset of sleep may initiate active processes of consolidation which — once triggered — remain effective even if sleep is terminated shortly after.” The results show that even a period of sleep is enough to help you remember what you’ve learned. Longer naps (60-plus minutes) are also great for storing new information into our permanent memory. A good night’s sleep is even better for memory recall and clear thinking.

The more the mind is used, the more robust memory can become. Taking control of information storage will not only help you retain new bits of information but also reinforce and refine the knowledge you already have.

Written by

Thomas Oppong

Founder @AllTopStartups | Featured at Business Insider,

Forbes, etc. I share practical tools for wealth, health, and happiness at https://postanly.substack.com

How Education Helped Me Rewrite My Life

There's no greater freedom than finding your purpose, says education advocate Ashweetha Shetty. Born to a poor family in rural India, Shetty didn't let the social norms of her community stifle her dreams and silence her voice. In this personal talk, she shares how she found self-worth through education -- and how she's working to empower other rural youth to explore their potential. "All of us are born into a reality that we blindly accept -- until something awakens us and a new world opens up," Shetty says. This talk was presented at an official TED conference, and was featured by our editors on the home page.

 About the speaker Ashweetha Shetty · Rural social worker Through her nonprofit, Bodhi Tree Foundation, Ashweetha Shetty supports first-generation college students in rural India to explore their potential through education, life skills and opportunities.

Do Schools Kill Creativity?

Sir Ken Robinson makes an entertaining and profoundly moving case for creating an education system that nurtures (rather than undermines) creativity. This talk was presented at an official TED conference, and was featured by our editors on the home page.


About the speaker Sir Ken Robinson · Author, educator Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence.

Surveillance in Our Schools

Surveillance in Our Schools:


 Happy Classroom, happier pupils!


SURVEILLANCE IN OUR SCHOOLS
Newswise — ClassDojo is one of the most popular education apps in the world. Its company estimates it is used by millions of teachers and children across 180 countries. Beneath its friendly exterior lie disturbing implications, say researchers.

“Happier Classrooms: the simple way to build an amazing classroom community.” So reads the message greeting visitors to ClassDojo’s website. The app is free for teachers and is widely embraced as an innovative means of encouraging positive behaviour in students and building harmonious school environments.

Its interface is colourful and inviting. Each child in a class or school is assigned an avatar: a smiling, cartoonish monster that represents them in the app. Based on a student’s behaviour in different areas, the teacher can assign – with a Pavlovian ding or harsh buzz – positive, neutral or negative Dojo points to their avatar.

This gamifies behaviour for students and helps teachers to keep extensive data on each of them. The app has expanded to become, in many places, a school-wide social media and content sharing network. Users can sign up as school leaders, teachers, parents, or students.

In a new paper, education researchers from the University of South Australia (UniSA) say that while the technology may be innovative, ClassDojo encourages an archaic approach to school discipline and neglects a genuinely educational approach to developing behaviour.

Further, they express concern that the app conditions children to accept rising levels of surveillance and control.

“Class Dojo can be understood as yet another data-gathering surveillance technology that is contributing to a culture of surveillance that has become normalised in schools”, said Jamie Manolev, a doctoral candidate at UniSA and the study’s lead author.

One of the biggest problems, he said, is that the app focuses on controlling students rather than helping them to build a deeper understanding about the why and how of behaviours in a social setting.

ClassDojo uses Dojo points to deliver a system of rewards and punishments based on a group of pre-selected behaviours. The ClassDojo company even recommends that teachers attach real world prizes to Dojo points. While rewards and punishments can be effective in the short-term, Manolev said research shows they can undermine children’s intrinsic motivation for positive behaviours.
Further, said Mr Manolev, Dojo point scores reduce students’ behaviour to a number, creating an illusion of simplicity that does not help teachers understand the factors driving positive or destructive behaviours. Instead, it creates “a behaviour economy in which individuals appear as balance sheets of behaviour.”

Each child’s total Dojo points – whether in the green or the red – are visible to them, and can be put on display. This too can serve as a means of control.

“Capable of being broadcast on large classroom screens to the entire class, visible to anybody who enters, a numbered ranking of students according to their behaviour fills the screen and invites a comparison of students, said Mr Manolev.

“The audit-like nature of this approach promotes competition between students in race to the top of the rankings while creating a hierarchy that may influence the way in which students understand themselves.”

Mr Manolev said the app conditions students to accept “being watched” on an everyday basis. “The surveillance mechanisms embedded within ClassDojo extend beyond the walls of the classroom”, he said.
“Through its digitised communication network ClassDojo provides teachers with the ability to deliver a child’s behaviour data directly to parents, in real time, along with continual access to constantly updated behaviour profiles in the form of student reports.”

“This feature effectively subjects students to a weekly report card of their behaviour delivered directly to a parent’s inbox.”

“If teachers modify their practice to implement ClassDojo according to company recommendations, students will be subject to an intensification of surveillance at school that encroaches into their homes, extending school-based disciplinary regimes further in the lives of young people.”
As an alternative to the approach to discipline encouraged by ClassDojo, the authors argue for a more educational approach to discipline. “Such an approach would be underpinned by the values of respect, caring, and dignity, promoting practices that exhibit and develop such qualities in students.” 
                                                                                                      
“It would recognise the complexities of behaviour and consider the role of not only internal, but also external influences on behaviour such as curriculum, pedagogy, relationships, and student experiences.

“It would shift away from controlling discipline practices to practices that engage students with learning, and incorporate student voice.”

Mr Manolev points to the detrimental aspects of subjecting students to high levels of surveillance, such as reducing risk taking, creativity, and trust, while simultaneously increasing anxiety.
Comparison can also be drawn between ClassDojo and China’s Social Credit System which works much like a financial credit rating but based on behaviour. Both systems rely on surveillance, rewards and punishments as behaviour reinforcements, converting behaviour data into a score, and using those scores to govern individuals and shape their behaviour.

The Power Of Diversity Within Yourself

Rebeca Hwang has spent a lifetime juggling identities -- Korean heritage, Argentinian upbringing, education in the United States -- and for a long time she had difficulty finding a place in the world to call home. Yet along with these challenges came a pivotal realization: that a diverse background is a distinct advantage in today's globalized world. In this personal talk, Hwang reveals the endless benefits of embracing our complex identities -- and shares her hopes for creating a world where identities aren't used to alienate but to bring people together instead.

Move womankind forward on International Women's Day

International Women's Day

By Christopher Dawson, CNN

Updated 1655 GMT (0055 HKT) March 8, 2018

A woman lifts her fist while holding a banner during a Women's March demonstration in Rome.

(CNN)International Women's Day is a time to celebrate female achievement and also take action. Impact Your World has identified ways you can help a variety of important causes for women everywhere.

Gender equality

This year, the social media hashtag #PressforProgress is the rallying call to create gender parity around the globe.

Sponsor Content

Why tech will change the Olympics for the fans

Alibaba Group looks to upgrade the Olympic experience in upcoming Games as technology continues to advance in the future.

Promoted By Alibaba Cloud

According to the World Economic Forum, equality right now is actually in retreat, and it will take another century for both genders to stand on equal footing.

Young women take part in the Women's March Against Violence as part of International Women's Day, on March 8 in Milan, Italy.

You can help by supporting these organizations working toward gender equality:

Life Skills For Women

Giving Women A Chance

The above scheme is to help women acquire life skills and confidence to enter the job market.  This is an excellent scheme and could be replicated the world over.  There is so much talent out there and giving women a chance will mean that they feel confident and valued in their everyday life.

Such courses are stepping stones to a better life for many which will benefit society as a whole.

Education To Combat Obesity

 This is a great project.  Many of the women in poor areas lack the knowledge to become healthy and fit.

Education helps women from poor places beat obesity | Business Standard